Scientists suggest using the resources available on Mars, particularly its soil, to build permanent structures. In a new paper published in the journal Acta Astronautica, researchers analysed 11 types of Martian concrete or cement developed from available resources and technologies.

The material called AstroCrete has attracted special attention, which is based on mixing Martian regolith with biological fluids of the future inhabitants of the planet – blood, sweat and tears. The idea of using blood as a strengthening element is not new: back in the days of Ancient Rome, this method was used to improve the quality of building mortars.

“Although it may seem unusual, human blood is indeed capable of strengthening concrete or bricks for construction on Mars,” the researchers note. Once the first astronauts arrive and initial structures such as inflatable modules are set up, their bodily fluids combined with regolith could form the basis for AstroCrete production. The concept was first proposed by scientists at the University of Manchester in 2021.

“We’ve been developing technologies to create concrete-like materials from the resources of Mars, but the answer was nearby – in our bodies,” noted Aled Roberts of the University of Manchester. A special protein found in human blood, whey albumin (HAS), could serve as a natural “glue” for creating concrete. Urea, which is a human waste product, can also increase the strength of the material.

According to scientists’ calculations, one astronaut can produce enough HAS to build a small dwelling in 72 weeks. In addition, AstroCrete material can be manufactured directly on Mars using 3D printing, which simplifies the construction process.

In addition to using biological fluids, the researchers propose using natural resources on Mars, such as calcium carbonate to create lime mortar. The planet’s rich sulfur deposits could be used to produce “sulfur concrete,” a material that is corrosion-resistant and suitable for environments with high concentrations of salt or acids.

Thus, the research suggests various innovative approaches to building on Mars, focused on maximising the use of local resources and the biological capabilities of the human body.